Charlie Munger advocates solving problems with a latticework of mental models. Mastering 80–90 core models can resolve the vast majority of decision-making problems. This note collects 100 models by number, with each model in its own section.
Why master model thinking
Enhance learning ability: makes it easier to understand knowledge and quickly digest what you learn.
Strengthen thinking ability: makes it easier to analyze knowledge and precisely grasp the essence.
Optimize communication ability: makes it easier to convey knowledge and ensure effective communication.
Enhancing intellectual capability: Makes it easier to transfer knowledge, solve more problems in other fields, and graft learning of new knowledge.
What is a mental model? Mental models are ideographic symbols of thought unique to humans, advanced symbols that carry systematic information. Ancient ideographic characters mostly expressed external phenomena and internal feelings; it was hard to precisely describe thought logic with a few characters. A mental model is a systematic framework capable of carrying complex information and logical relationships, replacing pure text and expressing complex logical information by reducing complexity to simplicity.
Charlie Munger said: a person who masters 80–90 models can solve the vast majority of problems, and only a few of those models are truly important.
Notes in this collection99 articles
- 01 Conjunction Fallacy
- 02 Relaxed Middle State Model
- 03 Circle of Competence Model
- 04 Sales Funnel
- 05 Dunning–Kruger Effect
- 06 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- 07 Information Transmission Mental Model
- 08 Six Qualities of Military Standards
- 09 10-10-10 Observer Mental Model
- 10 Redundancy and Backup Model (rǒng yú)
- 11 Break Point
- 12 Margin of Safety
- 13 Marketing Theories: Summary
- 14 PEST Analysis Model
- 15 Porter’s Five Forces Model
- 16 Boston Matrix
- 17 SWOT Analysis Model
- 18 Golden Circle
- 19 Six Thinking Hats
- 20 First Principles
- 21 Path Dependence
- 22 SMART Model
- 23 Magnifying-Glass and Shrinking-Glass Thinking
- 24 Pareto Principle
- 25/38 Theory
- 26 PDCA Cycle
- 27 SCQA Structured Communication Model
- 28 Pyramid Model
- 29 MECE Principle
- 30 Issue Tree
- 31 Occam’s Razor
- 32 Detail Efficiency Model
- 33 Weakening Compensation Principle
- 34 Johari Window
- 35 SQ3R（SQRRR）
- 36 FFC Praise Method
- 37 GROW Model
- 38 Flywheel Effect
- 39 5W1H Six Harmonies Analysis Method
- 40 Fogg Behavior Model (B=M·A·P)
- 41 Non-SR Thinking Model
- 42 Spiral of Silence
- 43 AISAS
- 44 GRAI Review Model
- 45 Systems Thinking
- 46 Four-Quadrant Principle
- 47 KISS Summary Model
- 48 WOOP Thinking Tool
- 49 Feynman Technique
- 50 Kahneman’s Dual-System Model
- 51 Flow Theory
- 52 HOOK Habit-Formation Model
- 53 Peak-End Rule
- 54 Primacy Effect – First Impression Effect
- 55 Four Dimensions of Life
- 56 Dao, Methods, Techniques, and Tools
- 57 Dual-Goal Checklist
- 58 Moat
- 59 Metacognition
- 60 Separation of Tasks
- 61 Iksztotson’s Law
- 62 Consumer Needs Triangle Model
- 63 Big Iceberg Model
- 64 Growth Mindset
- 65 RICE Comprehensive Consultation Model
- 66 Motta’s Five Questions
- 67 MVP Model
- 68 Long-Tail Theory
- 69 Reverse Barrel Principle
- 70 Three-Three System Tactics
- 71 Sunk Costs
- 72 Mental Accounting
- 73 Framing Effect
- 74 Prospect Theory
- 75 Cartesian Thinking Model
- 76 Inspirational Formula
- 77 Brainstorming Method
- 78 STP Theory
- 79 Osborn’s Checklist Technique
- 80 Peter Principle (Peter Plateau)
- 81 FAB Basic Sales Model (Recommendation Mindset)
- 82 TTT (IPTA Trainer Certification Course)
- 83 SOLO Taxonomy (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes)
- 84 OGSM Objective-Based Project Management
- 85 Matthew Effect
- 86 von Neumann Thinking
- 87 Multi-Ring Set Thinking
- 88 PREP Presentation Method
- 89 Opportunity Cost
- 90 Zeigarnik Effect
- 91 Reverse Thinking
- 92 Parkinson’s Law
- 93 SECI Model
- 94 Resonant Energy Release Model
- 95 Overview Effect
- 96 Bebber’s Law
- 97 Mandala Thinking Method
- 98 NLP Logical Levels Theory
- 99 The Great Way Is Simple